Radon Chemical and Physical Properties

Radon Chemical and Physical Properties Nuclear Number: 86 Image: Rn Nuclear Weight: 222.0176 Disclosure: Fredrich Ernst Dorn 1898 or 1900 (Germany), found the component and called it radium spread. Ramsay and Gray detached the component in 1908 and named it niton. Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 Word Origin: from radium. Radon was once called niton, from the Latin word nitens, which means sparkling Isotopes: At least 34 isotopes of radon are known extending from Rn-195 to Rn-228. There are no steady isotopes of radon. The isotope radon-222 is the most steady isotope and called thoron and radiates normally from thorium. Thoron is an alpha-producer with a half-existence of 3.8232 days. Radon-219 is called actinon and exudes from actinium. It is an alpha-producer with a half-existence of 3.96 sec. Properties: Radon has a dissolving purpose of - 71Â °C, breaking point of - 61.8 Â °C, gas thickness of 9.73 g/l, explicit gravity of the fluid condition of 4.4 at - 62Â °C, explicit gravity of the strong condition of 4, as a rule with a valence of 0 (it forms a few mixes, be that as it may, for example, radon fluoride). Radon is a vapid gas at ordinary temperatures. It is additionally the heaviest of the gases. At the point when it is cooled underneath its the point of solidification it shows a splendid glow. The brightness is yellow as the temperature is brought down, turning out to be orange-red at the temperature of fluid air. Inward breath of radon presents a wellbeing hazard. Radon develop is a wellbeing thought when working with radium, thorium, or actinium. It is likewise an expected issue in uranium mines. Sources: It is evaluated that each square mile of soil to a profundity of 6 inches contains roughly 1 g of radium, which discharges radon to the air. The normal grouping of radon is around 1 sextillion parts of air. Radon normally happens in some spring waters. Component Classification: Inert Gas Physical Data Thickness (g/cc): 4.4 ( - 62Â °C) Softening Point (K): 202 Breaking point (K): 211.4 Appearance: substantial radioactive gas Explicit Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.094 Vanishing Heat (kJ/mol): 18.1 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 1036.5 Cross section Structure: Face-Centered Cubic CAS Registry Number: 10043-92-2 Incidental data Ernest Rutherford is once in a while credited with the revelation of radon. He really found the alpha molecule radiation emitted by radon.Radon turned into the official name for component 86 out of 1923. The IUPAC picked radon from the names radon (Rn), thoron (Tn) and actinon (An). The other two names are given to isotopes of radon. Thoron is Rn-220 and actinon became Rn-219.Other recommended names for radon included radium transmission, niton, extadio, exthorio, exactinio, akton, radeon, thoreon and actineon.The U.S. Ecological Protection Agency records radon as the second most noteworthy reason for lung disease. References Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (eighteenth Ed)International Atomic Energy Agency ENSDF database (Oct 2010)

Discuss the dual role of the security sector in the Arab World as both Essay

Talk about the double job of the security area in the Arab World as both a wellspring of political solidness and shakiness - Essay Example ROL advancement by global network will empower securitization clarify the changes by and by to help post-socialist advances. Middle Easterner States are the lion's share in Middle East district described by a high intricate connection between the military offices and other security implementation organizations in the state, legislative issues, and the general public. Kodmani, Bassma, and May (97) guarantee that Arab Security Sector despite everything gets little consideration in the ongoing years with uncommon data on relative advances in the investigation of the security division. The target of the investigation is to educate the job regarding Arab Security Sector in the state, governmental issues, and the general public. The investigation will assess academic diary data in the field of Security Studies in Middle East in both English and Arabic press. Various subjects get significant consideration in the hypothetical and similar writing on common society identifying with Arab Security Sector. The job of the security division in the socio social aspects influences the job of status and authenticity of the security. Formal and casual associations work inside the security segment in the non military personnel and political framework. The job of the security division reflects and strengthens the connection between significant segments of the general public. Al-Khalifah (24) accentuates from the earliest starting point that better associations with the Arab Security Sector neglects to result to effective strategies toward Middle East. As per Kodmani et al. (97), on e of the basic arrangement crossroads is the Unites States methodology to dissipate Iraqi Army after the intrusion assault. At the time earlier, the attack Iraqi Army had 350,000 soldiers. Iraqi complex political-military relationship prompts inconvenience of compelling and formal regular citizen control in the recently settled Iraqi Security Forces. Since that time, Kurdish and Shiite state armies infiltrate the Security Forces. The connection between Iraqi Army and

4 Simple Steps to Deal With Stress and Anxiety

4 Simple Steps to Deal With Stress and Anxiety Do you wonder if you may worry too much? And how much anxiety is officially too much? To answer these questions, you may need to deepen your understanding of stress and anxiety, and how they help and hurt you. Why Worry? Stress and anxiety actually do have their functions if theyre not experienced in excess. They push us to make necessary changes in our lives. They signal when we may be in danger, and inspire us to take action to get ourselves out of danger. (This danger can be any type of threat to our physical or emotional well-being, from not doing well on a test to losing a job to losing a friend.) In this way, feelings of stress and anxiety are healthy and necessary; without them, we may not act in our own best interest. How Much Stress and Anxiety Is Too Much? The point at which worry and anxiety become unhealthy is when they immobilize us rather than inspire us to act. Whether were worried about things in the future, or so stressed and anxious we cant move forward, the stress takes a toll on our minds and bodies, and affects our health. Excessive or unmanaged anxiety can become unhealthy if it takes the form of an anxiety disorder, for example. Symptoms of Too Much Stress Dealing With Anxiety So now that you understand the nature of stress and anxiety a little better, we can focus on eliminating them. The best remedy for anxiety is self-examination and action. Here are some easy steps to follow: First, look inside. What is causing you to worry? Ask yourself this question and think carefully about your answer. Be specific. (For some situations, this may be readily apparent; other times, you may really have to think about it.) Writing in a journal or talking to a friend about it can help you sort out your feelings.Then, decide what action, if any, should be taken. Try to figure out what part of the situation is under your control. Assess the problem to see whether the threat is real, or if you are blowing it out of proportion. If the problem is just a hypothetical situation or a worst-case scenario, decide if it is really likely that your fears will actually come to fruition.Next, come up with a plan that tackles the part of the problem that is under your control. Taking action to protect yourself is a good way to channel nervous energy and provides reassurance against your fears. It is, in most cases, the healthiest response to realistic fears and worries. You may not be able to fix the entire problem, but even taking some steps toward improving your situation can significantly minimize your anxiety.Once you have done all you can, just let it go. Like everything in life, this is easier said than done, but with practice, you can get pretty adept at letting go of excessive levels of stress and anxiety. You can do this by focusing on something else, reminding yourself of the solutions you have worked on, or trying some stress management strategies that can help you feel more centered and at peace, such as prayer or meditation, journaling about your feelings, or listening to music. Getting regular exercise has been found to be especially helpful in combating the physical effects of anxiety and stress. If you still find yourself concerned on a constant basis, you may want to talk to someone about it, either a friend or a professional, depending on how severe your worry is and how much it is affecting your overall stress level. What Stress Management Techniques Are the Best for You?

State and Church Essay examples - 1279 Words

Christopher Columbus and Cabeza de Vaca were two known adventurers, one being an explorer and the other as a treasurer. Both men had great reputations, which led to positions of high status. Cabeza de Vaca became the treasurer on an expedition to explore the Gulf coast as a young nobleman and Christopher Columbus went on many expeditions to explore lands of treasure and jewels of all sorts. Both men explored in a time in which the lands were controlled by church and state and because of this, pressure of enormous amounts were placed on the shoulders of these men. The misfortunes these men encountered on their expeditions led them to choose a side in which they tried to disguise their true outcomes. Cabeza de Vaca and Christopher Columbus†¦show more content†¦Cabeza de Vaca shows that he could not have retaliated or even injured them because they were hidden in places where they could not be seen. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As Cabeza de Vaca continues, his encounters seemingly becomes harsher and he starts to relate these outcomes to God. Cabeza de Vaca also relates the losses to not only the surprising attack of the Indians and their camouflage within the surroundings but also to weaponry they used and the way they used them, â€Å" The bows they use are as thick as the arm, of eleven or twelve palms in length, which they will discharge at two hundred paces with so great precision that they miss nothing†(pg.131). In chapter eight of Cabeza de Vaca log is where you start to see the experiences are in the name of God. Cabeza de Vaca starts to describe the land and the troubles of it including the harsh conditions of resources not being available, â€Å" I cease here to relate more of this, because any one may suppose what would occur in a country so remote and malign, so destitute of all resources, whereby either to live in it or go out of it; but most certain assistance is in God,Show MoreRelatedThe Separation Of Church And State902 Words   |  4 PagesA Closer look at the Separation of Church and State in the United States Although â€Å"God† is mentioned in the Constitution, this country was built upon the principle of separation of church and state. Despite this ideal, those elected into office: propose, pass, and deny laws based on their religious beliefs, completely disregarding the previously mentioned principle. The problem with that is that the country is so ethnically and culturally diverse that one religion representing an entire nation ofRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe separation of church and state has been encountered and challenged several times in the Supreme Court, which was first mentioned by Thomas Jefferson. However it is not solidly stated in the Constitution on what is right or wrong and good or bad. This theory was modified from various elements from the Constitution essentially the first and fourteenth amendments. In the first amendment it is written Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exerciseRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1446 Words   |  6 Pagesseparation of church and state still necessary in the overall legal and social aspects of a modern society such as the United States? Research and history show that maintaining the church separate from the government is important for the ongoing success of a free and well functioning society. Separation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine which states that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from one another. Ideally, the church should notRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesSeparation of church and state is a defined as, the understanding of the intent, and function of the Establishment Clause, and Free Exercise Clause. The Combination of church and state has been a topic that, many generations have struggled with for centuries. The first amendment of the constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law about our religious beliefs, or prohibiting our free exercise of religion† If we put our faith in the constitution to define the founding father’s standpoint ofRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State Essay1455 Words   |  6 PagesSeparation of Church and State. This statement has not only caused controversy in the â€Å"rights† a church has, but h as also lessened the impact a person of faith can have on society. Separation of Church and State has been falsely identified as being a part of the first amendment, however it is directly stated in the US Constitution that Congress shall make no law prohibiting the practice of a religion or prohibiting the practice of this religion in the eyes of society. Not once is Separation of Church and StateRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe separation between church and state is a debate that continues to grow with tension as the culture of America rapidly polarizes. A long-standing claim that America was founded on Christian doctrine is a common argument in favor of the church and state to remain together, yet the most commonly used metaphor explaining what the â€Å"Separation of Church and State† contextually means in today’s terms is simply that government and religion should not coincide with one another in any capacity. Evide nceRead MoreThe separation of church and state1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe separation of church and state has been a long debated topic in the history of America. Although founded upon Christian ideals, the framers of the Constitution explicitly outlined the government to function secularly, in what is commonly referred to as the â€Å"Establishment Clause†. When interpreting the Constitution in regards to religion, there are two primary philosophies. The first philosophy this paper will explore will be referred to as Positive Toleration. In general, the idea of positiveRead MoreSeparation of Church and State685 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States of America was founded on the basis of religious freedom. Judgment on the legality of the Separation of Church and State should not be based on one’s religion. The phrase â€Å"Separation of church and state† sometimes known as â€Å"wall of separation between church and state†, is a phrase used by Thomas Jefferson in understanding the two clauses of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States: Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause. The public education systemRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1717 Words   |  7 PagesSeparation of Church and State Separation of church and state has long been regarded as a foundation of American democracy. At the same time, the concept has remained highly controversial in the popular culture and law. Much of the debate over the application and meaning of the phrase focuses on its historical antecedents. The reason I chose this specific topic is due to the fact I’m a devout Christian and I also have strong interest in political science. In this paper I will briefly explain someRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1825 Words   |  8 PagesSeparation of church and state refers to the division of the relationship between religion and government. Various laws apply to different countries around the world about the separation of church and state. Some involve religion so much into their daily lives; it controls how their country is run. In other places, where it is not mandated as much, it becomes a problem in disputing what is and what is not right. The United States of America faces this issue as they struggle deciding what the meaning

Normans - Medieval Viking Rulers in France and England

The Normans (from the Latin Normanni and Old Norse for north men) were ethnic Scandinavian Vikings who settled in northwest France in the early 9th century AD. They controlled the region known as Normandy until the mid 13th century. In 1066, the most famous of the Normans, William the Conqueror, invaded England and conquered the resident Anglo-Saxons; after William, several kings of England including Henry I and II and Richard the Lionheart were Normans and ruled both regions. Dukes of Normandy Rollo the Walker 860-932, ruled Normandy 911-928, married Gisla (daughter of Charles the Simple)William Longsword  ruled 928-942Richard I (the Fearless), born 933, ruled 942-996 married Hugh the Greats daughter Emma, then GunnorRichard II (The Good) ruled 996-1026 married JudithRichard III ruled 1026-1027Robert I (The Magnificent, or The Devil) ruled 1027-1035 (Richard IIIs brother) William the Conquerer, 1027-1087, ruled 1035-1087, also King of England after 1066, married Matilda of Flanders Robert II (Curthose), ruled Normandy 1087-1106 Henry I (Beauclerc) b. 1068, King of England 1100-1135 Henry II b. 1133, ruled England 1154-1189 Richard the Lionheart also King of England 1189-1216John Lackland Vikings in France By the 830s, the Vikings arrived from Denmark and began raiding in what is today France, finding the standing Carolingian government in the midst of an ongoing civil war. The Vikings were only one of several groups who found the weakness of the Carolingian empire an attractive target. The Vikings used the same tactics in France as they did in England: plundering the monasteries, markets and towns; imposing tribute or Danegeld on the people they conquered; and killing the bishops, disrupting ecclesiastical life and causing a sharp decline in literacy. The Vikings became permanent settlers with the express collusion of Frances rulers, although many of the grants were simply a recognition of de facto Viking control of the region. Temporary settlements were first established along the Mediterranean coast from a series of royal grants from Frisia to the Danish Vikings: the first was in 826, when Louis the Pious granted Harald Klak the county of Rustringen to use as a retreat. Subsequent rulers did the same, usually with the aim of putting one Viking in place to defend the Frisian coast against others. A Viking army first wintered on the Seine river in 851, and there joined forces with the kings enemies, the Bretons, and Pippin II. Founding Normandy: Rollo the Walker The duchy of Normandy was founded by Rollo (Hrolfr) the Walker, a Viking leader in the early 10th century. In 911, the Carolingian king Charles the Bald ceded land including the lower Seine valley to Rollo, in the Treaty of St Clair sur Epte. That land was extended to include what is today all of Normandy by AD 933 when the French King Ralph granted the land of the Bretons to Rollos son William Longsword. The Viking court based at Rouen was always a little shaky, but Rollo and his son William Longsword did their best to shore up the duchy by marrying into the Frankish elite. There were crises in the duchy in the 940s and 960s, particularly when William Longsword died in 942 when his son Richard I was only 9 or 10. There were fights among the Normans, particularly between pagan and Christian groups. Rouen continued as a subordinate to the Frankish kings until the Norman War of 960-966, when Richard I fought against Theobald the Trickster. Richard defeated Theobald, and newly arrived Vikings pillaged his lands. That was the moment when Normans and Normandy became a formidable political force in Europe. William the Conquerer The 7th Duke of Normandy was William, the son Robert I, succeeding to the ducal throne in 1035. William married a cousin, Matilda of Flanders, and to appease the church for doing that, he built two abbeys and a castle in Caen. By 1060, he was using that to build a new power base in Lower Normandy, and that is where he began amassing for the Norman Conquest of England. You can find lots more about William the Conquerer and the Battle of Hastings elsewhere. Ethnicity and the Normans Archaeological evidence for the Viking presence in France is notoriously slim. Their villages were basically fortified settlements, consisting of earthwork-protected sites called motte (en-ditched mound) and bailey (courtyard) castles, not that different from other such villages in France and England at that time. The reason for the lack of evidence for explicit Viking presence may be that the earliest Normans tried to fit into the existing Frankish powerbase. But that didnt work well, and it was not until 960 when Rollos grandson Richard I galvanized the notion of Norman ethnicity, in part to appeal to the new allies arriving from Scandinavia. But that ethnicity was largely limited to kinship structures and place names, not material culture, and by the end of the 10th century, the Vikings had largely assimilated into the larger European medieval culture. Historic Sources Most of what we know of the early Dukes of Normandy is from Dudo of St Quentin, a historian whose patrons were Richard I and II. He painted an apocalyptic picture of Normandy in his best-known work De moribus et actis primorum normanniae ducum, written between 994-1015. Dudos text was the basis for future Norman historians including William of Jumià ¨ges (Gesta Normannorum Ducum), William of Poitiers (Gesta Willelmi), Robert of Torigni and Orderic Vitalis. Other surviving texts include the Carmen de Hastingae Proelio and the  Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Sources This article is part of the About.com guide to Vikings, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology Cross KC. 2014. Enemy and Ancestor: Viking Identities and Ethnic Boundaries in England and Normandy, c.950 – c.1015. London: University College London. Harris I. 1994. Stephen of Rouens Draco Normannicus: A Norman Epic. Sydney Studies in Society and Culture 11:112-124. Hewitt CM. 2010. The Geographic Origins of the Norman Conquerors of England. Historical Geography 38(130-144). Jervis B. 2013. Objects and social change: A case study from Saxo-Norman Southampton. In: Alberti B, Jones AM, and Pollard J, editors. Archaeology After Interpretation: Returning Materials to Archaeological Theory. Walnut Creek, California: Left Coast Press. McNair F. 2015. The politics of being Norman in the reign of Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy (r. 942–996). Early Medieval Europe 23(3):308-328. Peltzer J. 2004. Henry II and the Norman Bishops. The English Historical Review 119(484):1202-1229. Petts D. 2015. Churches and lordship in Western Normandy AD 800-1200. In: Shepland M, and Pardo JCS, editors. Churches and Social Power in Early Medieval Europe. Brepols: Turnhout.

Liaison in health setting Free Essays

string(57) " the associated stigma must be addressed and considered\." Introduction There are a number of factors to consider when discussing why Saudi children are obese. Broadly, these can be broken up into genetics, socio-economic factors and societal or cultural factors. When discussing the reasons for why obesity is so prevalent, one needs to make sure that the parameters of the discussion are strictly adhered to because this is a potentially very broad topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Liaison in health setting or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, genetics includes a complex study of human genes that make a person more prone to obesity; however these will not necessarily be relevant to the discussion between the World Health Organisation and the Saudi Arabian health minister. The focus of this research therefore will be the examination of the socio-economic and cultural factors the development of childhood obesity and how best they may be treated by services offered in a mental health institute. Research The relevant research to the topic would include any primary and secondary sources of information on the topic. Firstly, it will be useful to uncover the socio-economic or cultural/social factors contributing to childhood obesity in order to determine a common thread between the U.K and Saudi weight trends. These can encompass anything from journal articles and reports to textbooks and studies. It will also be useful to determine the possible or probable advantages of using a mental health institution as a combatant to childhood obesity. This will include examination of primary and secondary sources of information about obesity as a mental health issue. There is a wide variety of literature on the relationship between mental health and obesity. In this way the research will focus not only on the treatment as obesity as a mental health concern, but also the likely causes of obesity amongst children. It may then be useful to determine the successes and failure of mental health practice s as a treatment for obesity, by examining research conducted on these methods and the outcomes. At this stage, the existing studies on the topic do not necessitate an independent research project, however with Western studies one must be mindful of the impact of cultural differences affecting Saudi. Cultural or Other Information Worth Noting Whilst the possible genetic contribution to obesity as well as inherited lifestyle factors from a parent-child relationship are largely inconclusive and highly subjective, the relevance of these factors to the development of childhood obesity and ultimately adult obesity must be noted (Parsons et al, 1999). In noting these factors, one must acknowledge that they perhaps create a predisposition towards an obesity creating lifestyle, however for the purposes of this report these will not be dealt with. Many socio-economic and cultural factors appear to adversely affect females more significantly than their male counterparts (Parsons et al, 1999). It must be emphasized that childhood obesity plays a significant role in a large majority of adult obesity incidence and the implications for the health-services and economy of a country are largely affected but the development of an obese workforce (Parsons et al, 1999). Externally, environmental and perinatal considerations have been indicated as the main contributing risk factors for development of childhood obesity (Ebbeling et al, 2002) such as â€Å"parental fatness, social factors, birth weight, timing or rate of maturation, physical activity, dietary factors and other behavioral or psychological factors† (Parsons et al, 1999). There is some consensus that these environmental factors are the primary source of childhood obesity (Ebbeling et al, 2002) which can be combated by simple, yet politically difficult solutions. There is some evidence of this to be seen in Saudi Arabia with a significantly higher incidence of childhood obesity occurring in the more urban settings with a disparity of over 30% between these two environmental factors in some cases (al-Nuaim, 1996). These environmental factors include diet, physical activity, effects of dietary pattern, the practice of the food sector and television watching. It is clear therefore that there is a link between the urban setting of a child and the probability of developing childhood obesity. In the majority of circumstances therefore, mental health care will have little effect on preventing obesity on a large scale and there is a strong connection between poor environmental factors and obesity. Obesity and Mental Health There is a distinction to be drawn between a mental health concern as a cause of obesity and the associated psychological factors that accompany childhood obesity. There is significant evidence conducted in studies around the world that contribute obesity as a result of a compulsive eating addiction disorder (Davis and Carter, 2009). The psychological effects of compulsive overeating or food addiction are comparatively similar to those of more ‘traditional’ substance abuse such as drug or alcohol dependency. There is a similar clinical and behavioral pattern formation in the use of food as a kind of drug with severe psychological and physical effects from withdrawal and tolerance levels. One can see a similar loss of control with food addiction, cravings and relapse-potential being ultimately incredibly high (Davis and Carter, 2009). A very effective treatment of this food addiction has proven to be cognitive behavioral therapy which has a proven success rate in drug addiction patients with a low relapse rate relative to other treatment options. A mental health option of treatment for childhood obesity targeting this compulsive overeating disorder is necessary. There is further a common experience of compulsive overeating being antecedent to some kind of sexual molestation or abuse in children. Whilst the compulsive overeating may be a manifestation of the trauma suffered by the child, there are obvious and very severe psychological complications associated with sexual abuse, therefore often in treatment thereof, one deals with the obesity as a part of the consequences of addressing the psychological repercussions of the abuse (Goldfarb, 1987). Mental health care facilities for the treatment of obesity may well be the most effective treatment as it may provide a certain level of trust and privacy for the patient or child in seeking early treatment. The reception of mental health treatment and the associated stigma must be addressed and considered. You read "Liaison in health setting" in category "Essay examples" Whilst there is no stigma generally attached to a lifestyle change promoting weight loss in either target location, there is a general stigma to be addressed with the implication of labeling a patient as an addict and the associated behaviors that one attributes to this disorder. Particularly in Saudi Arabia, one must consider the societal challenges that a general perception or attitudes towards mental health care that may be presented in either case. Particularly so because children are a vulnerable group in terms of impression by piers and society generally and if this stigma is not addressed, it could lead to further psychological complications. One needs to be careful to avoid any excess attention or bullying of the child if treated in a mental health institution, particularly because there is a misconception as to the nature of obesity and the effects thereof. It is important to also realize the effects of obesity on psychological factors independent of these ‘causes’, such as low self esteem and depression amongst children. There is research to indicate that not only is depression more frequent in obese children, however that there is a link between low self esteem and depression leading to increased experimentation with cigarettes, alcohol and drug-use (Strauss, 2000). These psychological effects, if untreated, will carry over into the adult lives of the patients which can lead to increased risk of suicide, self-harm and weight related health complications. This is particularly dangerous for female patients when considering that the prevalence of obesity is higher in females and much of global obesity is attributed to pregnancy and child-bearing generally. With the U.K and Saudi Arabia being countries that are closely linked to the idea of a family nexus, this is clearly a large risk for obese female children. Glossary Binge Eating Disorder (BED): also referred to as compulsive overeating addition disorder, compulsive overeating or food addiction. This disorder affects people by making a person feel compelled to overeat on a regular basis. This disorder is akin to other eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and ED-NOS (eating disorder not other specified) (NHS, 2012). Reasons for the development of this disorder include anxiety and depression. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): a type of therapy that encourages change in the way that one thinks and acts in accordance to certain situations. Therefore, the therapy is cognitive in that it addresses how one thinks and behavioral in addressing how one acts (NHS, 2012). Challenges The challenge with this research is in the CBT and BED aspects of the respective countries. It is safe to assume that effective health care services can be given to those suffering depression, anxiety and low self-esteem with either party, however how does the establishment of a mental health care institute significantly improve the obesity statistics. A mental health care institution is highly advantageous to patients requiring in-patient care in the facility. Would it not be more efficient to provide a more effective out-patient mental health care facility where patients could receive long-term therapy without some kind of committalThis would save cost of building the facility allowing a reallocation of the budget to more staff to improve the reach of the institute and improve the research output of the institute. The social stigma attached to mental illness is great in both the U.K and Saudi Arabia. However, the private and conservative cultural climate of Saudi Arabia may make the goals of the institute more challenging as it would require a dialogue on a topic that is considered ‘taboo’ in many societies, i.e. addiction and potentially sexual abuse. Particularly with relation to children and sexual abuse, it is foreseeable that there may be challenges in collecting data for research such as this. With children there is a large element of parental control and with information as to the causes of obesity and the depth of CBT in psychological treatment, there may be hesitation on the part of the family to ‘allow’ treatment of the child. What other support and partnerships are looking to be formed in the establishment of this instituteThere are a number of associated medical professions that are absolutely critical in combating childhood obesity, such as general medical practitioners, dietitians and nutritionists, exercise consultants and a large need for a form of liaison between the institute and parents. The entirety of obesity as a disease cannot be treated in isolation and how does one continue to have a large reach for research and treatment if there are financial limitations on these projects, as well as requiring a thorough and high level of expertise. Conclusion The use of mental health facilities as a treatment programme for childhood obesity is undoubtedly effective. The parameters of this institution must be carefully monitored and defined in order to determine the best possible solution to obesity crisis facing the world. It is recommended that these facilities provide a strong out-patient programme to allow for greater reach in the community that it is looking to serve in order to reach a larger number of patients and create awareness and education for these issues surrounding obesity. Education on the issue is absolutely vital. The stronger emphasis on an out-patient programme will also allow a reallocation of resources to employ more health care professional serving an overall purpose of the mental health care institute – being to target childhood obesity. This also allows for treatment that is minimally disruptive to the child’s everyday activities and will not serve to isolate the child, as many in-patient programmes o ften do. One needs to be specifically mindful of the societal implications and stigma attached to mental health care services and in doing so look to mitigate any harmful societal or cultural effects that the treatment may have on the child or their relationships with peers and their family members, at the same time ensuring that there is an effective establishment of the required support network to aid the child in their journey. Bibliography Al-Nuiam, AR, Bamgboye EA al-Herbish A, 1996 ‘The pattern of growth and obesity in Saudi Arabian male school children.’ International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 20(11), pp 1000 – 5 Davis and Carter, 2009 ‘Psychobiological traits in the risk profile for overeating and weight gain: Psychobiological risk profile’ International Journal of Obesity, 33, s49 – 53 Ebbeling, Cara, Dorota B Pawlak David S Ludwig, 2002, ‘Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure’, The Lancet, 460, pp 473 – 482 Goldfarb, Lori, 1987. ‘Sexual abuse antecedent to anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and compulsive overeating: Three case reports.’ International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6(5), pp 675-680 National Healthcare Service United Kingdom, 2012. [online] Available on http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions [Accessed 10 June 2012] Parsons TJ, Power C, Logan S Summerbell CD, 1999 ‘Childhood predictors of adult obesity: a systematic review.’ International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 23, pp 1 – 107 Strauss, Richard, 2000 ’Childhood Obesity and Self-Esteem’ Pediatrics?105, pp15 How to cite Liaison in health setting, Essay examples

Personality Assessment Myers

Introduction Personality assessment is a core activity in the field of psychology and to perform this task, a variety of instruments are available. Cervone and Pervine (2010) elaborate that personality psychology attempts to describe the whole person by considering universal traits as well as individual differences.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personality Assessment: Myers-Briggs, Rorschach and Self-help Books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Personality assessment helps a person to better understand themselves and the people around them. This paper will set out to analyze three personality assessment instruments: Myers-Briggs, Rorschach and Self-help books. From this analysis, the validity and relevance of each instrument will be highlighted. Myers-Briggs The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality measure developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs as an extrapolation of the Swiss psychiatrist, Carl Jung’s theory of psychological types The MBTI is made up of four types: Extraversion-Introversion (EI), Sensing- Intuition (SN), Thinking-Feeling (TF), and Judging-Perception (JP) (Saggino, Cooper, Kline, 2000). EI is a measure of the tendency by the individual to focus their energy either towards self (inward) or others (outward). SN is a measure of how the person prefers to gather information. TF measures the decision making preference of a person. JP is a measure of how a person approaches life. The four preference types identified combine into a psychological type and 16 distinct personality types result from this. Strengths and weaknesses A major advantage of the Myers Briggs framework is that is helps an individual to understand their own personalities and behavior. In addition to this, the framework helps people recognize that others may be different which encourages mutual respect and a deeper appreciation for the contributions of others (Saggino et al., 2000). The scales and scoring metrics of the MBTI are well explained and an individual can easily use this tool for personality assessment. A major disadvantage of the Myers-Briggs instrument is that it is not effective in identifying subtle personality types. Cervone and Pervin (2010) note that this tool does not measure personality variation along a continuum but rather, it sets out to gauge a persons status on the extreme ends of the personality categories.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Validity The validity and reliability of MBTI has been supported by many researchers since the instrument uses scientific methods. As such, independent testers can come to the same conclusion concerning a subject’s personality by use of this tool. Even so, the validity of MBTI scale contents has been questioned by a number of researchers. For example, Miao et al. (2001) demonstrated that there is a convergent and discriminate validity of the EI, TF and JP scale. Comprehensiveness The MBTI proposes to offer insights into a person’s personality type. It does this by sorting an individual into opposite categories based on his/her predisposed preferences for attitudes and mental functions. Application The MBTI is one of the most popular personality instruments used for assessment. It is used for recruitment purposes since it highlights a person’s characteristics. It is also used by counselors to help a client better understand themselves. The cultural utility of the MBTI is very wide and it is uses vary from personal to professional. Rorschach The Rorschach test was developed by the Swiss psychologist, Hermann Rorschach as a projective test through which a person’s inner feelings could be uncovered. The instrument was designed to elicit unconscious stimuli through the use of cards with inkblots on them (Musewicz, 2009). The test involves the subject being shown inkblots and their unique perceptions of these inkblots are used to form an opinion on their personality characteristics or emotional functioning. The Rorschach test is made up of 10 cards which have ink blots on them. The subject is supposed to look at the cards and say what they see. The cards do not represent any recognizable figure and the person taking the test is supposed to say what the image looks like to them.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personality Assessment: Myers-Briggs, Rorschach and Self-help Books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strengths and weaknesses The Rorschach test is mostly used to detect underlying thought disorders that an individual would not reveal in a self reporting test. A major strength of this tool lies in its ability to see beyond the things that a person is willing or able to reveal (Musewicz, 2009). In doing this, it overcome s the weaknesses inherent in self-reporting tests where a person can give the answer they think is most desirable. A major weakness is the lack of scientific evidence for the Rorschach test. This fact has led to its diminishing use in the last decade. This is because it is susceptible to the bias of the tester and the results can accuracy of the results is therefore questionable. Another major demerit of the Rorschach is that it is mostly affiliated with clinical psychology and hence not popular outside of the clinical setting. Del Guidice (2010) notes that the instrument is used to assign a clinical diagnosis which curtails its use in the mainstream setting. Validity Inter-rater reliability which is defined as the â€Å"ability of a test to measure a trait that is supposed to be stable over time† is significantly low with the Rorschach test. This is because the test is open to varied interpretations by the tester and the subjectivity may be inconsistent (Musewicz, 2009). For most professionals, interpretations are made in an intuitive manner and this can result in over diagnosis of psychological disturbances in a subject and therefore reduce the effectiveness of this instrument. Comprehensiveness In terms of comprehensiveness, the Rorschact test is limited since it only seeks to identify underlying issues with particular bias on disorders. The inferences and interpretations made from the Rorschach are subject to the biases of the person administering the test further reducing its comprehensiveness. Application The Rorschach test is mostly used by psychology professions to identify underlying issues with a client. The instrument can also be used by counselors to help a client identify issues which are underlying.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Rorschach can also be used by organizations to assist in employee selection. Giudice (2010) states that Rorschach scales that assess psychological adjustment, coping ability, and relational deficits can help in making prudent hiring decisions. Self Help Books Self help books are a category of books that are written for the chief purpose of helping the ready to gain insights into themselves and therefore effectively deal with personal issues. Self help books are written in a personal style and the reader is personally involved and positively affected by the experience (Cervone Pervin, 2010). The creation of self help books is not credited to any one individual but it is generally agreed that the self-help phenomena took place in the last half century. There is no definite scale or manner for scoring using self help books since most of them make use of the popular personality assessment tools available. Validity Self Help books have limited reliability and validity since they are meant to be used by laypersons. The validity of the results obtained is dependent on the cognitive abilities of the individual and this may vary greatly. Strengths and Weaknesses Self help books contain interpretive guidelines for personality assessment instruments that can be used by the individual to assess their personality type. These books may have precise instructions on how to administer the tests being discussed and therefore enable the individual to benefit from them. Self help books are arguably the most widely used personality assessment instrument. This is because self-help books offer an informal way to self assess therefore giving the ready the means to discover their natural personality preferences. In addition to this, they cover a myriad of issues which are of interest to the general population. A major disadvantage of self help books is that the individual may not always be in a position to make accurate interpretation of personality assessment data obtained from self-help books (Cervone, Pervin, 2010). Interpretations require the drawing of inferences about a person’s emotional state or dispositions of personality functioning. In addition to this, most self help books are too general to be of any real assistance in personality assessment. Comprehensiveness Self help books address a myriad of personality issues. By use of various personality tests, most of the aspects of personality may be covered in a single book. Some self help books make use of research findings and incorporate more information that is specific to personalities therefore increasing their value to the user. Application Self help books are mostly applicable for personal use and specifically for personal growth and development. However, the books are also recommended by counseling professionals to help the individual to develop their life. Conclusion This paper set out to compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of three personality assessment instruments. F rom this undertaking, it has been revealed that Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is the most applicable personality assessment instrument while the Rorschach is the least applicable. This is because most researchers favor personality assessments that are scientific in nature as opposed to projective assessment. Self help books on the other hand are often too general and may therefore not be the best option. References Cervone, D., Pervin, L.A. (2010). Personality: Theory and Research (11th Ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Del Guidice, M.J. (2010). Reply to Comment on â€Å"What Might This Be? Rediscovering the Rorschach as a Tool for Personnel Selection in Organizations†. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(1), 78-89. Miao, D. M., Huangfu, E., Chia, R. C., Ren, J. J. (2000). The validity analysis of the Chinese version MBTI. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 32(3), 324-331. Musewicz, J. (2009). Current Assessment Practice, Personality Measurement, and Rorschach Usage by Psychologists. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(5), 453–461, Saggino, A., Cooper C., Kline, P. (2000). A confirmatory factor analysis of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(1), 3-9. This research paper on Personality Assessment: Myers-Briggs, Rorschach and Self-help Books was written and submitted by user Justus Rowland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Invention of the Wheelbarrow

The Invention of the Wheelbarrow Its one of those ideas that seems so self-evident, once you have seen it in action. Rather than carrying heavy loads on your back, or burdening a pack animal with them, you can put them into a tub or basket that has a wheel beneath and long handles for pushing or pulling. Voila!   The wheelbarrow does most of the work for you. But who first came up with this brilliant idea? Where was the wheelbarrow invented? The First Wheelbarrows Were Created in China Not too surprisingly, the first wheelbarrows seem to have been created in China - along with the first gunpowder, paper, seismoscopes, paper currency, magnetic compasses, crossbows, and many other key inventions. The exact date and the actual inventors name both seem to be lost to history, but it seems likely that people in China have been using wheelbarrows for around 2,000 years. Invented in 231 CE According to legend, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms Period, a man named Zhuge Liang, invented the wheelbarrow in 231 CE as a form of military technology. At the time, Shu Han was embroiled in a war with Cao Wei, another of the three kingdoms for which the era is named.   The Gliding Horse Zhuge Liang needed an efficient way to transport food and munitions to the front lines, so he came up with the idea of making a wooden ox with a single wheel.  Another traditional nickname for this simple handcart is the gliding horse. Using the wooden ox, a single soldier could easily carry enough food to feed four men for the entire month. As a result, the Shu Han tried to keep the technology a secret - they did not want to lose their advantage over the Cao Wei. Archaeological Evidence This legend is very tidy and satisfying, but probably untrue.  Archaeological evidence suggests that Chinese people were using the wheelbarrow more than a century before Zhuge Liangs supposed invention of the device in 231 CE. For example, a wall painting in a tomb near Chengdu, in Sichuan Province, shows a man using a wheelbarrow - and that painting was made in 118 CE. Another tomb, also in Sichuan Province, includes a depiction of a wheelbarrow in its carved wall reliefs; that example dates back to the year 147 CE. Invented in the Second Century in Sichuan Province It seems possible, then, that the wheelbarrow was invented in the second century in Sichuan Province.   As it happens, the Shu Han Dynasty was based in what is now Sichuan and Chongqing Provinces. The Cao Wei kingdom encompassed northern China, Manchuria, and parts of what is now North Korea, and had its capital at Luoyang in present-day Henan Province. Conceivably, the people of Wei were not yet aware of the wheelbarrow and its possible military applications in 231 CE.   Thus, the legend could be half-correct.  Zhuge Liang probably did not actually invent the wheelbarrow.   Some clever farmer likely had the idea first. But the Shu prime minister and general may well have been the first to use the technology in battle - and may have tried to keep it a secret from the Wei, who had not yet discovered the ease and convenience of the wooden ox. Since that time, wheelbarrows have been used for carrying all kinds of burdens, from harvested crops to mine tailings, and pottery to building materials.  Sickly, wounded, or elderly people could be carried to the doctor, before the advent of the ambulance. As the photo above shows, wheelbarrows were still being used to carry casualties of war into the 20th century. Invented Again in Medieval Europe In fact, the wheelbarrow was such a good idea that it was invented again, apparently independently, in medieval Europe. This appears to have happened sometime in the late 12th century. Unlike Chinese wheelbarrows, which usually had the wheel under the middle of the barrow, European wheelbarrows generally had the wheel or wheels at the front.

Precede vs. Proceed

Precede vs. Proceed Precede vs. Proceed Precede vs. Proceed By Mark Nichol Lazy pronunciation can wreak havoc on the language as word pairs like precede and proceed become confused. These similar-looking and similar-sounding terms, however, though not antonyms, face in opposite directions. The origin of the former word is the Latin term praecedere (â€Å"go before†), while the latter stems from the Latin word procedere (â€Å"go forward, advance†). Interestingly, however, the prefixes share a sense: Pre- and pro- can both mean â€Å"before,† though pro- usually signals â€Å"in favor of.† Each word is part of a family of inflections and terms based on it: One writes, for example, that a rainstorm preceded snowfall later that night, or that the preceding chapter of a book is longer than the one that follows it. Precedent refers to a situation that serves as an exemplar for others that follow. It’s employed formally in law to refer to a rule or principle that serves as a reference for judgments in cases similar to those in which the rule or principle was first set forth. Informally, laypeople refer to â€Å"establishing a precedent† for anything from a habit to a protocol. Meanwhile, a precession is a â€Å"coming before.† (In physics and astronomy, this term refers to the alteration in the orientation of a rotating body’s axis.) Inflectional forms of proceed are used to state that someone proceeded to act in some way or do something that they had not been doing previously, or that they are proceeding to do so now. The plural of the latter form is also a noun referring to the published minutes or records of an organization’s meeting. Procedure, taken directly from French and referring to a sequence for accomplishing a task, is also based on proceed. Procedural can be applied as an adjective (while procedurally is an adverb), and it stands on its own (or modified as â€Å"police procedural†) as a noun referring to genre fiction that realistically portrays how an investigation or a similar process is conducted. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†Round vs. AroundPrepositions to Die With

History of Islam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of Islam - Assignment Example The origin of Islam is credited to Mohammad. He experienced an angelic visitation from Archangel Gabriel. The angel handed him the Quran and recited the first verses of Surah XCVI2. The pillars of Islam are: Shaddah, Salat, Zakah, Sawm, and Hajj3. They signify the things Muslims believe in as Commanded by Allah. The five pillars of Islam provide a framework on how Muslims should act. The pillars were summarized in the hadith of angel Gabriel. Shahada is an Islamic creed and a testimony of faith. The Shahada is the most important pillar as it should be known to any Muslim convert. Salat is the daily Muslim prayer. Muslims pray five times a day. Zakat is the pillar that emphasizes on giving to the needy. Sawm is the pillar which emphasizes on fasting on the holy month of Ramadan. In this month Muslims abstain from food, drinks and sexual relations. The fifth pillar is the hajj. Hajj is the pilgrimage journey to Mecca. Performing the hajj is usually a compulsory activity at least once i n a lifetime to people who are physically fit. Salat is the most significant worship. It originated from the Quran, Salat Al-Fajr 24:58, Salat Al-Isha 24:58 and Al-Salat Al-Wusta 2384. Muslims believe praying five times a day can clean all the sins of a person. At the beginning, Salat was performed three times a day. The Quran specifies three positions of performing Salat. These are standing, bowing and prostrating. Salat is the formal procedure of worship to Muslims. It has prescribed procedure, conditions and the time to be practiced. In the holy Quran, Salat is performed while standing bowing and prostrating. During the prayer Muslims are required to wash themselves before praying, an activity known as Wuddu. The main importance of Salat is to act as a person’s communicator to God. During Salat one is able to communicate more intimately with God5. It is also during Salat that Muslims have a form al way of remembering Allah. It is during Salat that Muslims give thanks to Go d for all their possessions and blessings and also pray for other needs. Salat also helps a Muslim to refrain from the social ills and moral deviancy6. Sahih Bukhari collection of hadith says that Mohammed considered salat as the best deed. According to prophet Mohamed, Allah does not listen to the cries of a person while talking but listens to person’s cries while praying. He continued and said that mercy always drops on a person’s head while praying. Salat is usually practiced at dawn, noon, afternoon, evening and night time. Adhan refers to calling of Muslims to prayer. It comprises of words that envelop the fundamentals of faith, worship and Islamic rituals. As affirmed in Bukhari, Muslims went to Madinah at prearranged time for prayer. Umar planned appointing a man to call out for prayer by recite the words of Adhan.7 It is recited from the minaret so that it can be heard from a distance, and melodiously to titivate their voice for it8. Salah is one of the pillars of Islam and prayer is the best form of worship. Every Muslim should endeavor to earn Pleasure of Allah. According to Surah 51:56, â€Å"I have created Jinns and men that they may serve me,† Adhan calls persons to prayer and proper relations. This has an effect on the performance of Salah. Adhan is a procedure in which Muslims are called to mandatory prayer. It is done five times a day to call Muslims to perform the Salat. Adhan is performed by the muezzin. Adhan is also done to

Leadership Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Leadership Assessment - Essay Example Leader’s focus remains on the people and importantly on ways to inspire them to face new challenges and to perform in any state of affairs. Not to panic at any rate is the most indispensable quality of a leader. Every leader has the quality of maintaining the confidence level up and to assure followers that the whole thing is going to be fine. To be humorous and comical with the employees is an additional great quality that differentiates some leaders from others. According to a study, females have more leadership capabilities than males. Traditionally leadership tasks were associated with men only but over a period of time women are increasingly getting involved in the leadership jobs (Eagly & Johannesen?Schmidt, 2001). LEADERSHIP STYLE There are many styles of the leaders which are being followed but three major leadership styles are commonly used in organizations. These common leadership styles are as follows (Eagly, Johannesen-Schmidt, & Van Engen, 2003): Autocratic, also known as ‘authoritarian’ Participative also known as ‘democratic’ Delegative also known as ‘laissez-fair’ Authoritarian (Autocratic): Example of expression for the above style is, â€Å"I want both of you to. . ... . .† In this style, there is a leader and one or more employees are collectively involved in making of the decision (deciding what to do & how to do). This style is a mark of potency to work in a team and not a sign of weakness of leader. This authority is bring into play when knowledge or information of others employees can prove valuable contribution. By using this authority, a benefit of mutual understanding allows every other member of the organization to participate for the betterment of decisions (Sosik & Godshalk, 2000). Delegative (Laissez Faire): Example of expression for the above style is, , â€Å"You two take care of the problem while I go. . .† This style allows the employees to make their contribution and take decisions. The style is used when the employees have enough knowledge about the situation and know what to do and in what manner the work is to be done. Leader’s complete trust on the capability of employees and intentions to develop decision m aking capability in employees results in leader to adopt this style. Leaders increasingly use this style in the current professional world (Sosik & Godshalk, 2000). My manager in the current organization has adopted the combination of the three styles. The collective feature of all three defined style have had significant positive impact on my attitude towards works as well as entire organization. With participative decision making our managers enabled us to work in team and incorporating the best of suggestions for the task completion. This participative style adoption was ordered by leader using his autocratic powers. Hence, the manager enabled all employees including me to make decisions with responsibilities

US Executive Branch of Government

US Executive Branch of Government The executive branch of government is that branch with exclusive power and responsibility for the everyday administration of the country. This branch implements the law. The distribution of power into different branches of government is fundamental to the initiative of division of power. In some parts of the world (countries) the term executive refers to the government. Though, this practice fails to make a distinction between authoritarian and autonomous structure of the government. In the despotic systems (autocracy or complete dominion) where the diverse powers of government are unsaid by one person (small oligarchy) the executive branch stops to subsist in view of the fact that there is no other branch with which to divide up separate but equivalent governmental powers. The division of powers system is premeditated to allocate authority away from the executive branch. This is an effort to protect individual autonomy in reply to autocratic leadership throughout history. The execut ive officer is not hypothetical to create laws or construe them. Their chief role is to put into effect the laws as printed by the legislative branch (legislature) and construed by the judicial branch. The head of this branch is President of United States of America. This branch also comprises of many departments (sub departments) and agencies. Explanation: Bureaucracy in United States refers to the executive branch of government. The congress has it own bureaucracy, bureaucratic personnel that makes their budgets etc. The executive branch of United States consists of agencies and departments that receive inclinations from the President. The President (principal bureaucrat) is the directorial chief of executive branch. The lack of precise, exhaustive words in the Constitution unfolding the influence and responsibilities of the executive branch has specified President of United States an immense deal of suppleness to enhance its dimension and capacity over the years. This flexibility is in stipulations of both the assortment of its power and the amount of departments and agencies engaged to achieve its tasks. The division of executive branch (bureaucracies) is: The president The vice president Fifteen Cabinet rank executive departments. The President: President is chosen every four years, and decides his/her vice president as a administration companion. The president is also serves as the commander-in-chief of the U.S. Armed Forces and is for all intents and purposes the person in charge of the country. Once in a year the President must convey a State of the Union address to Congress, He may propose legislation to Congress, he may assemble Congress. He also has the power to hire ambassadors to other countries. He has the power to select justices of Supreme Court and other federal judges. To execute and put into effect the laws of the United States he is expected with his Cabinet and other agencies. The vice president: The Vice President is chosen together with the President by the Electoral College. The person who receives the highest votes become the President and the second highest vote taker becomes the vice president in United States. The most important responsibility of the Vice President is to be prepared at a moments notice to presume the administration if the President is powerless to carry out his duties (death, resignation etc of the President). The vice president is also act as the president of senate of United States. He/she has the authority to give the vote (deciding vote) when there is a tie. Vice President hardly ever in fact be in charge of over the Senate as a substitute, the Senate choose one of their personal members to preside over the Senate each day. The Cabinet: It is a consultative body comprise of the heads of the 15 executive departments. Who are selected by the President and approved by the Senate. The members of the Cabinet are often the Presidents closest sounding board. In addition to the administration of key federal agencies, they have a significant part in the Presidential line of succession (after the Vice President, Speaker of the House, and Senate President pro tempore). All the constituent of the Cabinet receive the designation Secretary, excluding the chief of the Justice Department, who is designated as Attorney General. Clientele agencies: Department of Agriculture: The agriculture department of United States builds up and carries out guiding principles on farming, agriculture, and food. The plan of this department incorporates meeting the requirements of farmers, endorse agricultural manufacturing and its trade, guarantee safety of food, shielding natural resources, development of rural population, and finish starvation in United States and in foreign countries. Department of Commerce: This department acts as governmental bureau with the responsibilities of civilizing living standards for all the citizens of United States. This is done by encouraging economic growth and innovations in technology. This department helps the business and industry sector of US by assembling economic and demographic statistics, issuing exclusive rights and trademark, and makes sure of the effectual utilization of methodical and practical assets. It also prepares telecommunications and technology strategy, and maintains exports of United States by supporting and implementing international trade agreements. Department of the Interior: This department is United States major preservation bureau. Its task is to guard nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s natural resources, recommend amusement occasion, carry out scientific explorations, preserve and look after fish and wildlife, and respects our sincerity to American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and our farm duties to island areas. Department of Labor: This department manages federal agenda for ensuring a well-built US workforce. Duty this department is to cultivate and support the wellbeing of the unemployed, wage takers, and those who are retired by standardizing their working environment, provide prospect for beneficial employment, providing health care and retirement benefits, help the manager to find personnel, escalating free cooperative negotiations, and follow alteration in employment, prices, and other nationalized economic dimensions. Union maintenance agencies: Department of states: This department is engaged in maintain and executing the foreign policy of President. Image of US in foreign countries, military education program for other countries, resist international misdeeds, and a large collection of services to American resident and people from other countries looking for entry to the U.S. Department of treasury: This department promotes economic wealth and guarantees the reliability and safety of the United States and global monetary structure. Department of Justice: This department implements the law and protects the welfare of America related to law. It provides protection against intimidation of alien and domestic bodies. It supports the federal agencies to stop the crimes and penalize those who are involved in unlawful practices. Department of Defense: This department grants armed forces to dissuade war and to guard the safety of United States. Regulatory agencies: Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Transportation, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Homeland Security, Department of Energy Redistribution agencies: This agency deals with the circulation of money in the county like Federal Reserve System, monetary policy, fiscal policy etc. The iron triangle: The todays US government forms a triangle in which all the interest groups, committees of Congress and bureaucratic agencies work together. In the essence of this theory the departments and agencies maintain close acquaintances with interest group who desire to persuade their procedures. They may give important information to government agencies, and they are provoked to include their opinion listened. The interest groups and administrator get in touch with congress committees and sub committees that form the laws that oversee their interests. Most governmental policies are set when these parties work together. Problem of bureaucratic control: The Bureaucrats have their personal aspirations and inspirations. There is a principal agent relationship between bureaucrats ant their agencies like they are dependent on two mechanisms (before and after the fact), the meetings procedures and bureaucratic authorities (before the fact) and encouragement given for achievement or suspended for nonperformance of a meticulous assignment (after the fact). These methods must be engaged to limit the option of bureaucratic drift in which the bureaucracy might create strategy more to its predilection than to the novel purpose of the commanding strategy creator. The president can lead bureaucratic agencies. Congress can encourage liable bureaucracy in the course of failure to notice and the exploitation and preservation of incentives. Public hearing is one instrument of Congress to supervise bureaucratic actions. In conditions, Congress can also have power over the bureaucracy by redrafting the legislation and changing appropriations. How to reduce bureaucracy: Regardless of the suspicions that the bureaucracy is rising uncontrollable, the federal government has scarcely developed in any way in the last 30 years. Even then many United States citizens squabble that government is too huge and ought to be condensed. The majority general efforts to decrease the bureaucracy consist of termination (the absolute removal of governmental programs and the agencies that manage them like deregulation), privatization (shifting an agenda from public sector to private sector) and devolution (Decline in bureaucracy can also be attained in the course of devolution. This means the hard work to rationalize the federal bureaucracy by hand over the policy execution to state and local governments). The post-9/11 demands of domestic safety contain misrepresented the political power of bureaucratic restructuring as general public and officeholders have come to believe that thought that the federal government will cultivate to guarantee the security of people of Un ited States. Conclusion: The executive branch has undergone incredible modifications over the years, assembly it very unusual from what it was under George Washington. Todays executive branch is much superior, extra multifaceted, and more influential than it was when the United States was established.

Analysis of as new park case study Essay

Analysis of as new park case study Introduction                   The planning process involves developers, communities, engineers, planners, and government. The involvement of all the stakeholders in planning process ensures that a project is positively implemented in the public interests (Carmona, 2010). The new project would commence as an improvement the old city. The old city was widely used by women and children. Although it was developed 30 years ago, it still remained as the best choice for the people living at its vicinity. It formed the best recreation centre for people during warm winter season. The new park would replace the old trees, grass, and build new shades and buildings that would be used to shade people during hot weather. The case involved closed down of the old city for 2 years and relocation of people living around the city to place where there were no social amenities such as schools and recreation centre. The case represents of unethical issues that pertains to urban planning evident through th e developers.                   The ethical issues include closure of the city and denying people their recreational facility. The new park development would deny people a chance to enjoy their recreational facilities, which is professionally unethical to a developer. In addition, the developer would be destroying people’s heritage on old trees and grass. The modern buildings would destroy the old trees and grass heritage in the new park. Moreover, it is not ethical to transfer people from their own comfort zone where they enjoyed social amenities such as schools, parks and other infrastructures such other shopping malls to a place where they no longer enjoy the amenities. The act is believed to on self- interests that do not care about other community. In planning process, it is important for planners and developers to consider professional ethics while executing their city planning so that respect between communities and the affected people is maintained (Allen, 2009).                   In this case, the most probable solution would be first to develop the area where the two communities would be relocated before relocating them. It would be most appropriate if the government could start by developing infrastructures such as roads, schools, hospitals, and recreational centres before displacing people in towns if the new park would not be avoidable. On the other hand, a new park could be developed elsewhere and the old one be renovated to maintain national heritage. Moreover, the old park renovation should not be closed for a long period and should developers should allow people to access the park even under constructions. The renovation of the park would ensure that the national heritage on traditional trees and grass would not be destroyed thus maintain it as way of protecting the countries indigenous species. This would ensure that people are not relocated from their original comfort zone. Consequently, development of area that the two communities were transferred would ensure that the communities’ living standards would not be affected except their geographical shift. The move would maintain the respect between the communities, planners, developers and engineers as their lives will not be affected.                   The solution approach where the planners would ensure that all the social amenities are developed before relocation would ensure that the professional code of ethics on the conscious on the right of a third party would be upheld (American Planning Association, 2009). In addition, the code of ethics on fairly dealing with all the people involved in the process will be highly upheld. However, the value of professional code of ethics on heritage will be violated through electing a new park and indigenous trees will be destroyed. The planners will have made sure that the decision making process involves all the party and thus no one would be negatively affected by the new project. Similarly, the second approach of electing the new park elsewhere would ensure professional code of ethics for planners to ensure social justice and responsibility not to disadvantage people would be upheld. This solution would ensure that people are not relocated and at the same t ime the national heritage is maintained. The value of heritage that is attributed to indigenous trees will be upheld while that of excellence design and updated design will be violated (American Planning Association, 2009).                   Both solutions would minimize the negative impacts of the planning in the city. However, the best solution will be to design and construct the new park elsewhere near the old park. The solutions to planning dispute safeguard the rights of the people and the professional ethics of the planners (Staatskoerant, 2011).The old park can only be renovated so that the heritage of the city will be upheld. Similarly, there would be relocation of people to new areas and thus they will be fairly treated and their lives will not be affected. In addition, the solution will ensure that people are not denied their rights to enjoy themselves during winter. Renovation for the old park could be done during summer when people are not using the park so that they would not be limited access during winter. The move will impact positively to people living there and would retain the respect of communities to developers.                   The solution would limit the planners, developers and engineers from implementing their own design and planning of the city. In addition, the people would not have a chance to enjoy a modern facility. However, there would still be a chance for them to construct a new park elsewhere in the city and increase the number of parks. One that would be rich in heritage and there other one would be modern. Although space and area allocation may be a problem, a new park elsewhere would stand out for this case. Conclusion                   In conclusion, it can be noted that planners, developers and engineers should highly consider professional ethics when carrying out new projects that would impact negatively to the public. All planning processes should involve all stakeholders and fair implementation of the project should be considered to avoid unethical issues that are evidenced in the case of new park development. References Allen, J. (2009).  Event planning: Ethics and etiquette : a principled approach to the business of special event management. Mississauga, Ont: Wiley. American Planning Association,. (2009). AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Planning.org. Retrieved 13 May 2014, from http://www.planning.org/ethics/ethicscode.htm Carmona, M. (2010). Public places, urban spaces: the dimension of urban design. Oxon: Routledge. Staatskoerant,. (2011). Code of ethics and professional conduct for the urban and regional planning profession. Gov.za. Retrieved 13 May 2014, from http://www.gov.za/documents/download.php?f=147400 Source document

Topics for a Argument Essay - a Short Introduction

Topics for a Argument Essay - a Short Introduction A conclusion is, without doubt, the most essential portion of the argumentative essay since you can either support the excellent impression or destroy it entirely. Pay close attention to all things electronic, and you will be certain to find something debatable of what you see. Besides general knowledge you have concerning the subject, you won't mind dedicating some opportunity to research, writing procedure, and other aspects essential for the high-quality essay. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. There are invariably a wide variety of opinions on the topic of technology, and here are our favourite things to consider on the subject. There are a lot of on-line essay writing services to aid you with your writing tasks. In any case, direct and indirect quotes are required to support your understanding of academic writing style. Be part of our happy clients who have found the very best essay service online and are enjoying the advantages of it. The Hidden Truth About Topics for a Argument Essay Schools having the very same sex students are a lot better. Cyber bullying caught by means of a student even away from the school premises have to be hindered by the schools admin. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on various views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. Going to a debate, students have to contemplate their degree of education to select an appropriate topic that suits both your requirements and your level. Vital Pieces of Topics fo r a Argument Essay An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. If you opt to be a self-employed essay writer, you can expect the exact same. To discover argumentative essay topics easy on various platforms, you want to comprehend about the argumentative essay. Now that you're aware that we are the very best online essay writing service to work with, don't hesitate to stop by our site and order an essay. School should occur in the evenings. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. The topic may be more difficult to produce. For that reason, it's important to select a topic that wouldn't be difficult to study. You will probably locate a different and wonderful topic you will love to write about. Also, remember your discussion topics must fit the other students' level some of them is able to be not able to take care of the topic that has too many facets to think about. The Death of Topics for a Argument Essay Becoming in a position to compose a strong argument can help you succeed in society. Such society can't grow and progress. Argumentative debate topics cover specific problems, problems, phenomenon or subjects that you could deliberate. There are a lot of things to argue when it has to do with the law. Top Topics for a Argument Essay Secrets The goal in teaching a controversial subject isn't to sway students to an opinion or the other, but they could change the way that they feel after further discussion. 4 After introducing either side of the matt er and allowing students to explore their opinions, you can express your own opinion about it. As students discuss the problem, they'll be able to assist each other further understand the arguments posed by every side. 3 After presenting either side of the problem and making certain students understand the controversy, give modest groups of students a chance to talk about the arguments each side presents. Affirmative action has to be put to a conclusion. Not each time you prepare for debate you'll have to be serious. It is also feasible to outline a compromise for a conclusion. Citizens who don't place a vote has to be fined. Introducing Topics for a Argument Essay If you take part in debates, you are able to also develop your research, note-taking, and analytical abilities, along with gain the capacity to create balanced, informed arguments and utilize evidence and reasoning. You research, develop an argument, find evidence to back up your claims, etc. The dearth of very good support sources will end in a decrease grade. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points which you can counter to your own points.

Persuasive Essay On Poverty - 1117 Words

Every Child Deserves the Education They Desire In her inspiring speech, â€Å"How America’s Public Schools Keep Kids in Poverty,† Kandace Sumner portrays the problem being distributed throughout the public schools of America with the inequality being dispersed to colored children as well as low-income societies to the public schools, parents of children, and the overall communities. As a teacher and mother of colored kids, Sumner is more aware of the unfair issue occurring throughout the public school system. Although, she did not really experience this problem as a child, due to the fact she was actually given a great education opportunity unlike other kids who are not given an opportunity like the one she might have obtained. However, she†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, the fact that children living in low-income societies or are a different race then other children and are being treated differently in the field of education by not receiving the same tools to learn has a major impact on their future that is not necessarily a positive impact. Sumner just cannot stand that this is happening to such innocent children who want nothing but the opportunity to a great education because as I have learned, education is key to becoming successful and enjoying life. Now is it right for the public schools of America to treat children who are apart of low-income families and are a different race, poorly or unequal? Every child who steps foot on this earth has every right to dream big and seek the education that they may strive for. As Sumner inspires and demands for a change in America to allow every child to have the opening to an education, she suggests the little things that can be done by each individual to help create a bigger effect later in the future. She notifies her audience, Until we live in a world where every kid can get a high-quality education no matter where they live, or the color of their skin, there are things we can do on a macro level. School funding should not be decided by property taxes or some funky economic equation where rich kids continue to benefit from state aid, while poor kids are continuously having food andShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Poverty1454 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition and viewing of poverty is a topic that many find highly debatable and close to the heart. Poverty is what most people see as not having enough to live on, and struggling to get anything more. Race and location are often looked at in conjunction to poverty. 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